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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Music performance anxiety (MPA) affects musicians from childhood. This study proposes a three-stage model explaining MPA's development and persistence, even in elite performers, from early life experiences.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Music Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Music performance anxiety (MPA) is observed in children and persists throughout musicians' careers.
  • Childhood MPA shares traits with adult presentations, questioning its innate vs. acquired nature.
  • Effective MPA management requires understanding developmental psychology and its multifactorial causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a three-stage model for understanding the development and persistence of MPA.
  • To explain how early life factors contribute to lifelong performance anxiety in musicians.
  • To provide a framework for developing interventions for childhood-onset MPA.

Main Methods:

  • A theoretical model integrating developmental, psychodynamic, and cognitive-affective psychology is proposed.
  • The model outlines a three-stage progression from early substrate to manifested MPA symptoms.
  • The model explains MPA's persistence without requiring performance catastrophes.

Main Results:

  • A three-stage model is presented: 1) developmental-relational substrate, 2) structural vulnerabilities (e.g., low self-efficacy, maladaptive perfectionism), and 3) performance-activated cognitive-affective processes.
  • This model explains MPA's onset in early childhood and its continuation across the lifespan.
  • The model accounts for MPA in elite musicians without prior traumatic performance experiences.

Conclusions:

  • MPA has a developmental trajectory influenced by early experiences and psychological vulnerabilities.
  • The proposed model offers a comprehensive explanation for MPA's complex presentation and persistence.
  • Understanding this model is crucial for developing targeted interventions for MPA in young musicians.