Retrospective Analysis of Inflammatory Parameters and Vitamins' Levels in Psoriasis Patients: A Case-Control Study

Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder affecting both adults and children worldwide, with an average prevalence of approximately 2%. Recent evidence suggests that several hematological inflammatory parameters and vitamin levels may serve as accessible biomarkers for disease activity and severity assessment.

This single-center retrospective case-control study was conducted at Jordan University Hospital using electronic medical record data from January 2019 to December 2023. The study included 142 patients with psoriasis and 277 age- and sex-matched controls. Psoriasis severity was assessed using the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Hematological inflammatory indices-including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)-as well as vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels were evaluated.

The mean age ± standard deviation was 43.76 ± 16.78 years, with no significant differences between psoriasis cases and controls. Females accounted for 54.93% of psoriasis cases compared with 54.41% of controls. The mean PASI score was 9.02 ± 9.00. Approximately 51.79% of psoriasis patients were vitamin D deficient, while 17.82% had vitamin B12 deficiency. No significant differences in psoriasis severity categories were observed across vitamin B12 or vitamin D levels (p = 0.808 and p = 0.184, respectively). The mean NLR, PLR, and SII were 2.21, 124.6, and 588,441.8, respectively. These inflammatory indices did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between psoriasis patients and controls (p > 0.05).

No significant associations were observed between psoriasis severity and inflammatory hematological indices (NLR, PLR, SII) or vitamin deficiencies. These findings suggest limited standalone utility of these biomarkers for routine assessment of psoriasis severity in this retrospective cohort.