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YBX1 Promotes Drug Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Serves as a Potential Therapeutic Target

Manish Tripathi1, Veerababu Nagati1, Dennis Kwabiah1

  • 1The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley.

Research Square
|April 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) drives drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inhibiting YBX1 with SU056 shows promise in overcoming sorafenib resistance and reducing tumor size in HCC patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Drug resistance significantly worsens outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are first-line HCC therapy but face resistance.
  • Mechanisms underlying TKI resistance in HCC remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of transcription factor Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) in mediating HCC drug resistance.
  • To validate YBX1 as a potential therapeutic target for overcoming drug resistance in HCC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of YBX1 expression in human HCC patient cohorts.
  • In vitro studies using HCC cell lines to assess the impact of YBX1 overexpression and knockdown on drug resistance.
  • In vivo studies using small-molecule inhibitor SU056 to target YBX1 in HCC models.

Main Results:

  • Increased YBX1 levels correlate with HCC aggressiveness, metastasis, and poor survival.
  • YBX1 overexpression confers sorafenib resistance, enhancing cell survival and tumorigenic features.
  • YBX1 knockdown or inhibition with SU056 reduces HCC cell viability and tumor growth in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) is a key transcription factor driving sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Targeting YBX1 presents a promising therapeutic strategy to overcome drug resistance and improve HCC patient prognosis.

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