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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

2
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
2
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

3
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
3
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

3
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
3

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Implantation of Miniosmotic Pumps and Delivery of Tract Tracers to Study Brain Reorganization in Pathophysiological Conditions
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Harnessing extracellular vesicles for ischemic stroke management.

Khan Haroon1,2,3, Jie Yu2,3,4, Renke Li3,5,6

  • 1Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen & Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China.

Regenerative Biomaterials
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise for treating ischemic stroke by protecting the brain and delivering therapeutics. These EVs also serve as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of stroke.

Keywords:
EVsbiomarkerbraindrug deliveryexosomeischemic stroke

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles carrying biomolecules.
  • EVs are implicated in normal and pathological processes, including ischemic stroke.
  • Research is shifting towards therapeutic and diagnostic applications of EVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of EV-based systems for ischemic stroke management.
  • To highlight the potential of EVs as therapeutics, drug delivery vehicles, and biomarkers.
  • To discuss ongoing clinical trials, challenges, and future directions for EV translation in stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on EVs in stroke management.
  • Analysis of EVs' properties relevant to therapeutic applications (e.g., BBB crossing, cargo protection).
  • Examination of EVs' role in diagnosing and monitoring ischemic stroke.

Main Results:

  • EVs can mitigate ischemic stroke pathology, including neuroinflammation and apoptosis.
  • EVs are effective for targeted drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
  • EVs show potential as minimally invasive biomarkers for stroke diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • EV-based systems offer significant potential for ischemic stroke management as standalone therapies or in combination treatments.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to overcome challenges for widespread clinical translation.
  • EVs represent a promising frontier in stroke therapeutics and diagnostics.