Landscape of Aging Policies in Bangladesh: A Perspective Study

Aging is currently a global concern, as there has been a massive transition in life expectancy and lower mortality rates because of advances in medical science. Bangladesh is experiencing a demographic transition with its elderly population, projected to reach 21% by 2050. This demographic shift raises significant social, economic, healthcare, and social inclusion challenges. This prospective study aimed to review the current landscape of aging policies in Bangladesh and assess their implementation, existing gaps, and opportunities.

This study utilized a narrative review approach to search existing literature on aging policy in Bangladesh on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and government and non-governmental policy documents. The analysis focused on essential objectives, including our demographic trends regarding the aging population, existing policies and programs, legal frameworks, and their implementation and gaps. The perspective was written based on the available information from literature and policy documents.

Bangladesh already has some key policy and legal frameworks, such as the National Policy on Older Persons (2013), the National Social Security Strategy (2015), and the Old-Age Allowance Program, alongside legal measures like the Maintenance of Parents Act (2013). These frameworks showed a growing commitment to older people's welfare and overall well-being. However, the actual impact of this policy is limited by insufficient funding, poor inter-ministerial coordination, inadequate healthcare infrastructure and facilities tailored to the needs of older adults. Additionally, persistent disparities, particularly along rural-urban and gender lines, further limit equitable access to these benefits and services.

While Bangladesh has established some policy foundations and a legal framework for addressing aging, their effective implementation remains a significant challenge. Strengthening inter-ministerial coordination, expanding financial and healthcare support, improving legal enforcement, and developing robust data systems are essential to eradicate this problem. Political commitment and inclusive strategies are crucial to ensure dignity, equity, and well-being for the country's growing older population.