Sciatic nerve variations in relation to the piriformis muscle: a prospective anatomical study

The aim of this study was to document intraoperative anatomical variations of the sciatic nerve in the Turkish population and to compare the obtained data with previously reported anatomical findings.

This prospective study included a total of 50 patients and 50 hips that underwent surgery through a posterior hip approach. The relationship between the sciatic nerve and the piriformis muscle was evaluated intraoperatively. Variations of the sciatic nerve were recorded according to the Beaton-Anson classification. Demographic data and variation types were statistically analyzed.

The mean age of the patients included in the study was 69.8 ± 13.5 years, and 66% were female. According to the Beaton-Anson classification, 78% of patients had Type A, 8% had Type B, and 14% had Type F variation. No statistically significant differences were found between sex, side, and the piriformis-sciatic nerve relationship (p > 0.05).

In the Turkish population, sciatic nerve variations are most commonly observed in the Type A form, consistent with the rates reported in the literature. However, the relatively high incidence of Type F variation is noteworthy. These findings are anatomically relevant for preventing nerve injuries, particularly during posterior hip surgeries.