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Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Platform for Complement Activation

Cédric Battaglino1,2, Iryna Bodnaruk3, Paula Czyszczoń4

  • 1Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
|April 17, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria, like Yersinia enterocolitica, activate complement and contribute to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). OMVs are potent virulence factors influenced by their composition and size.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key component of Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs).
  • OMVs are implicated in bacterial pathogenesis and can trigger inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of OMVs from Yersinia enterocolitica (YeO3) in complement activation and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
  • To determine how LPS chemotype and OMV characteristics influence virulence and host response.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized YeO3 variants with different LPS chemotypes (S, Ra, Rd1, Re) to produce OMVs.
  • Assessed complement activation by OMVs, LPS, and bacteria.
  • Conducted in vivo experiments in mice with complement depletion.
  • Analyzed OMV biodistribution, clearance, and secretion influenced by LPS structure and temperature.

Main Results:

  • OMVs potently activated complement independently of LPS chemotype.
  • A distinct polysaccharide fraction bound mannose-binding lectin (MBL).
  • Complement depletion reduced SIRS severity in mice.
  • LPS O-specific polysaccharide length influenced OMV biodistribution and clearance.
  • Bacteria with truncated LPS (Rd1) secreted the most OMVs.
  • Temperature shift increased secretion of smaller OMVs with less toxic lipid A.

Conclusions:

  • OMVs contribute to Yersinia pathogenicity via complement activation.
  • OMV potency as virulence factors depends on size, polysaccharide chain length, and lipid A structure.
  • This study elucidates OMV-complement interactions in YeO3, expanding knowledge on Gram-negative bacterial virulence mechanisms.
Keywords:
Yersiniabiodistributioncomplementlipopolysaccharide (LPS)mannose‐binding lectin (MBL)outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

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