In Mayotte French department, hepatitis A is still endemic

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), transmitted primarily through the faecal-oral route, remains endemic in Mayotte, particularly among children. This study aims to assess the HAV epidemiology and circulating strains from 2017 to 2019 to evaluate prevention strategies.

Between November 2017 and June 2019, 2434 patients were tested for HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM). Acute HAV infection was defined by HAV-IgM levels and clinical symptoms. Genotyping was performed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis.

Of 125 positive cases, 50 met the acute infection criteria, with a median age of 13 y. Most cases were mild and 28% required hospitalization. Phylogenetic analysis identified genotype IIIA, with a distinct 'Mahorese strain' circulating in Mayotte. A few cases were linked to travel to Madagascar and Pakistan.

Mayotte remains highly endemic for HAV, with a locally circulating strain. Improved sanitation and hygiene are crucial to control the spread of HAV, and while universal vaccination could help, hygiene measures should remain a priority.