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A predator-prey model with age-structured role reversal.

Luis Carlos Suarez1, Maria K Cameron2, William F Fagan3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, 4176 Campus Drive, College Park, 20742, MD, USA.

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|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an age-structured predator-prey model demonstrating functional role reversal. Age structure enhances ecological relevance, influencing population dynamics and stability.

Keywords:
Age-structuredKermack-McKendrick renewal equationLatin hypercube samplingLinear discriminant analysisPhase diagramsRole reversal

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Predator-prey models are crucial for understanding ecological interactions.
  • Incorporating age structure into predator populations adds biological realism.
  • Ontogenetic niche shifts, where a species' role changes with age, are ecologically significant.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and analyze a predator-prey model with an age-structured predator population exhibiting functional role reversal.
  • To investigate the impact of age structure and ontogenetic niche shifts on population dynamics.
  • To compare the behavior of the age-structured model with reduced ordinary and delayed differential equation models.

Main Methods:

  • The predator population's dynamics are modeled using a modified Kermack-McKendrick Renewal Equation (KMRE).
  • Existence, uniqueness, and positivity of solutions were established for the initial value problem.
  • Latin Hypercube Sampling and Linear Discriminant Analysis were used to explore parameter space and identify influential parameters.
  • The age-structured model was reduced to Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) and Delayed Differential Equation (DDE) models for comparison.

Main Results:

  • The model demonstrates a functional role reversal in the predator population due to age structure.
  • Predator maturation age and prey consumption rate of juvenile predators were identified as key influential parameters.
  • Age structure was found to destabilize the Coexistence Equilibrium.
  • The age-structured model promotes the emergence of a Coexistence Periodic Attractor compared to ODE and DDE models.

Conclusions:

  • Age structure significantly impacts predator-prey dynamics, leading to functional role reversal and altered population stability.
  • The proposed age-structured model provides a more biologically relevant framework for studying predator-prey interactions with ontogenetic niche shifts.
  • Age structure promotes complex dynamics, including instability of equilibrium and the appearance of periodic solutions, which are not captured by simpler models.