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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

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Hepatitis C Virus Testing in Perinatally Exposed Children.

Rachel L Epstein1,2, Sarah Munroe2, Elizabeth A Erdman3

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing rates for infants born to infected parents declined significantly between 2014-2021. Improving communication about parental HCV risk is key to increasing infant testing and care.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Rising hepatitis C virus (HCV) incidence in pregnant individuals leads to increased perinatal exposure.
  • Fewer than 50% of perinatally exposed infants receive recommended HCV testing.
  • Limited data exist on testing rates, treatment, and associated factors for infants with perinatal HCV exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with appropriate HCV testing in perinatally exposed infants.
  • To characterize the HCV care and treatment landscape for children diagnosed with HCV.
  • To inform strategies for improving early detection and management of perinatal HCV.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilizing linked statewide health data in Massachusetts (2014-2021).
  • Included records on testing, care, and treatment for children perinatally exposed to HCV.
  • Multivariable logistic regression analyzed factors associated with guideline-concordant HCV testing.

Main Results:

  • Of 4103 children aged ≥2 years, only 41.9% completed appropriate HCV testing.
  • HCV was diagnosed in 2.5% of tested children; treatment rates were very low.
  • Appropriate testing rates declined over time, with the lowest observed in 2020.
  • Parental HCV diagnosis within 30 days of delivery and maternal opioid use disorder treatment were linked to higher testing rates.
  • Non-Hispanic Black race and private insurance were associated with lower testing rates.

Conclusions:

  • HCV testing and treatment rates for perinatally exposed infants remain suboptimal and have decreased over time.
  • Parental HCV diagnosis recognition and communication are crucial modifiable factors for increasing testing.
  • Addressing disparities and improving care coordination are essential for equitable HCV testing and management in infants.