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  3. Sub-ångström Three-dimensional Electron Diffraction Reveals Crystal Structures And Phase Transformations In Liquids.
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  3. Sub-ångström Three-dimensional Electron Diffraction Reveals Crystal Structures And Phase Transformations In Liquids.

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Sub-Ångström Three-Dimensional Electron Diffraction Reveals Crystal Structures and Phase Transformations in Liquids.

Huiqiu Wang1, Joakim Lajer2, Edward T Broadhurst1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 17, 2026

View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed sub-Ångström liquid-phase 3D electron diffraction (LP-3D ED) for atomic-scale analysis of crystals in liquids. This technique reveals phase transformations and solvated crystal structures in real-time.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Understanding crystal dynamics in liquids is crucial for various scientific fields.
  • Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) offers potential for studying nanoscale materials in liquid environments.
  • Atomic-scale crystallographic analysis of crystals in liquids has been a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a method for atomic-scale analysis of crystals in liquids.
  • To capture phase transformations and determine crystal structures in situ.
  • To overcome limitations of previous techniques in studying materials in liquid environments.

Main Methods:

  • Development of sub-Ångström liquid-phase three-dimensional electron diffraction (LP-3D ED).
  • Utilizing nanochannel liquid cells for confining ultrathin liquid layers.
  • Employing liquid flow control for dynamic studies.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved 0.80 Å resolution 3D electron diffraction data from organic molecular crystals in liquids at room temperature.
    • Observed the β-to-α phase transformation of glycine in situ.
    • Identified in situ crystallization of a novel hydrated aluminum-glycine phase and determined its structure, including a hexanuclear aluminum-hydroxide-glycine cluster.

    Conclusions:

    • LP-3D ED enables atomic-scale determination of crystal structures and phase transformations directly in liquid environments.
    • The technique provides unprecedented insights into structural evolution and solvated crystal structures.
    • Demonstrated ab initio crystal structure determination at sub-Ångström resolution in liquids.