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Ultra-high dose rate electron FLASH beam irradiation using a modified clinical linear accelerator.

Gyu-Seok Cho1, Kyo-Tae Kim1,2, Soon-Sung Lee1

  • 1Radiation Therapy Technology and Standards, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.

Plos One
|April 17, 2026
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Summary

FLASH radiation therapy, a novel approach, shows promise in reducing normal tissue damage. This study modified a clinical linear accelerator to achieve ultra-high dose-rate FLASH beam irradiation for preclinical research.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Preclinical Research

Background:

  • Conventional radiation therapy can cause significant normal tissue damage.
  • FLASH radiation therapy (FLASH-RT) is an emerging technique that may mitigate this damage.
  • Preclinical studies suggest FLASH-RT effectiveness, but its biological mechanisms require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement ultra-high dose-rate FLASH beam irradiation using a modified clinical linear accelerator.
  • To establish a protocol for rapid switching between conventional (CONV) and FLASH modes.
  • To create a database for studying the biological effects of FLASH beam irradiation.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of core components of a clinical linear accelerator to enable FLASH irradiation.
  • Development of a protocol for quick mode conversion between CONV and FLASH.
  • Characterization of FLASH electron beam irradiation parameters (energy, field size, dose rate).

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of FLASH electron beam irradiation with a mean energy of 9.49 MeV and a maximum dose rate of 339.1 Gy/s.
  • Achieved an effective field size of ∅ 39.9 mm under specific applicator conditions.
  • Established a protocol enabling rapid switching between CONV and FLASH modes, satisfying most preclinical requirements.

Conclusions:

  • The modified linear accelerator successfully achieved ultra-high dose-rate FLASH irradiation suitable for preclinical studies.
  • Further investigation is needed to confirm if the protocol meets the required 1 Gy/pulse dose for biological studies.
  • This work provides a foundation for understanding the biological effects of FLASH-RT.