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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoprobes for Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Detection

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Published on: February 16, 2020

A multilayer 2D material plasmonic metasurface terahertz biosensor with machine learning optimization for

Abdulkarem H M Almawgani¹, Sultan Alkhteeb², Abdulrhman Alshaabani²

¹Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.

Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy

|April 17, 2026

Summary

A novel terahertz biosensor using a five-layer plasmonic metasurface offers highly sensitive, label-free detection of tuberculosis biomarkers. This technology promises rapid, accurate point-of-care diagnostics, addressing limitations of current methods.

Keywords:

2D materials Machine Plasmonic metasurface Terahertz biosensing Tuberculosis detection

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Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

Area of Science:

Metamaterials and Plasmonics
Biosensing Technology
Terahertz (THz) Spectroscopy

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health challenge with diagnostic limitations in resource-poor settings.
Current TB diagnostic methods like microscopy and NAATs lack sensitivity and have long turnaround times.
There is a critical need for rapid, accurate, and accessible TB diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and theoretically investigate a novel five-layer plasmonic metasurface terahertz biosensor.
To achieve label-free, high-sensitivity detection of TB biomarkers (LAM and MPT64 antigens).
To enhance sensor performance through optimized design and material integration.

Main Methods:

Utilized finite-element electromagnetic simulations and the transfer matrix method for spectral and near-field analysis.
Employed Bayesian Ridge regression for optimizing geometric parameters, resonator dimensions, and incidence angles.
Designed a hierarchical architecture with Au/Graphene/MoS₂/MXene/Phosphorene/WS₂ for selective biomarker capture and field enhancement.

Main Results:

Achieved a maximum sensitivity of 1000 GHz/RIU and a figure of merit of 30.303 RIU⁻¹.
Demonstrated significant electric field enhancement (1.1 × 10⁸ V/m) at resonance (0.996 THz).
Optimized sensor parameters yielded predictive R² values exceeding 0.9996, with high off-resonance transmittance.

Conclusions:

The proposed THz biosensor is a promising platform for sensitive and label-free TB biomarker detection.
The sensor's design offers tunable properties and high performance suitable for point-of-care applications.
This technology could significantly improve TB diagnostics, especially in low-resource settings.