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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
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Risk-stratified cancer screening: A consensus-based conceptual framework from EUCanScreen.

Paolo Giorgi Rossi1, Carlo Senore2, Livia Giordano2

  • 1Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Italy.

European Journal of Cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a framework for risk-stratified cancer screening, aiming to optimize screening intensity based on individual risk. The goal is to improve benefits, reduce harms, and use resources effectively in cancer prevention programs.

Keywords:
Cencer ScreeningPrecision preventionRisk-stratification

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Oncology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Cancer screening is vital for prevention, with a growing emphasis on risk-based approaches.
  • The 2022 European Council Recommendation supports risk stratification to balance screening benefits, harms, and resource use.
  • The EUCanScreen Joint Action addressed fragmented guidance by developing a shared framework for risk-stratified cancer screening across Europe.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a shared conceptual framework for risk-stratified cancer screening.
  • To provide operational guidance for implementing risk-based approaches in cancer screening programs.
  • To address conceptual heterogeneity and fragmented guidance across different cancer types and countries.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review identified definitions, outcomes, benefits, harms, and ethical considerations of risk-stratified screening.
  • Findings informed a structured brainstorming session and a two-round Delphi survey among EUCanScreen participants.
  • A consultation phase and plenary discussion finalized the framework in May 2025.

Main Results:

  • Risk-stratified screening core elements include validated risk information, defined stratification criteria, and evidence-based stratum-specific protocols.
  • The framework details application across the screening pathway: eligibility, intensity, referral, and follow-up.
  • Identified crosscutting issues: data governance, privacy, genetic information management, psychological impacts, equity, access, training, and communication.

Conclusions:

  • A consensus-based framework for risk-stratified cancer screening has been established.
  • The framework outlines essential elements and crosscutting issues for designing, implementing, and evaluating such programs.
  • The core rationale is to intensify screening for high-risk individuals and reduce it for low-risk individuals, optimizing outcomes and resource allocation.