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A bidirectional brain-fat body axis for pathogen avoidance.

Yujie Wang1, Jean-François De Backer1, Aurélie Muria1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fruit flies avoid pathogens through a newly discovered communication pathway between the fat body and brain. This immune-to-brain loop involves octopamine and dopamine signaling, enhancing survival during infection.

Keywords:
Drosophila melanogasterantimicrobial peptidesbehavioral immunitydopaminefat bodyinnate immunitymushroom bodyneuroimmune signalingoctopaminepathogen avoidance

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Behavioral Biology

Background:

  • Pathogen ingestion is a survival threat, necessitating avoidance behaviors.
  • The neural mechanisms connecting immune detection to behavioral responses are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the communication pathways linking immune detection to pathogen avoidance behaviors in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • To elucidate the roles of the fat body and specific neuromodulators in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated a bidirectional fat body-brain communication pathway.
  • Utilized immune receptors and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
  • Employed two-photon calcium imaging to observe neural activity.

Main Results:

  • Identified octopaminergic neurons sensing pathogens and innervating the fat body.
  • Demonstrated pathogen-sensing neurons activate fat body calcium signaling via octopamine receptors.
  • Showed fat body dopamine release, acting on mushroom body output neurons (Dop1R1 receptors), drives avoidance behavior.
  • Observed pathogen ingestion modulates odor responses in these neurons.

Conclusions:

  • Uncovered a novel immune-to-brain communication loop involving the fat body.
  • Highlighted the role of octopamine and dopamine in mediating pathogen avoidance.
  • Established how innate immunity and fat tissue drive behavioral adaptation for enhanced survival.