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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

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Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Esophageal Achalasia01:27

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Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide...
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Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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Gastrointestinal Disorders in Scleroderma.

Eamonn M M Quigley1, Zsuzsanna H McMahan2, Subhash Kulkarni3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Gastrointestinal Health, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.

Gastroenterology
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) significantly impacts the gastrointestinal tract, causing motility issues and various complications. Gastroenterologists must tailor treatments considering SSc

Keywords:
DysmotilityGastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseGastrointestinalSclerodermaSystemic Sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Scleroderma, or "hard skin," encompasses disorders with skin thickening and fibrosis.
  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) prominently features internal organ involvement, particularly gastrointestinal (GI) issues, affecting up to 90% of patients in the esophagus.
  • GI manifestations in SSc stem from vasculopathy, immune-mediated inflammation, and neuropathy, impacting all GI segments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diverse gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To highlight the pathogenic mechanisms underlying GI involvement in SSc.
  • To emphasize the need for specialized gastroenterological care in SSc patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and natural history of GI disease in SSc patients.
  • Analysis of pathogenic features including vasculopathy, inflammation, and neuropathy.
  • Discussion of common GI complications such as dysphagia, gastroparesis, and bacterial overgrowth.

Main Results:

  • GI involvement in SSc presents with a wide range of symptoms including esophageal, gastric, small intestinal, and colonic issues.
  • Impaired GI motility, due to smooth muscle atrophy and fibrosis, is a key feature leading to stasis and dilation.
  • Correlation between GI symptoms, SSc disease features, and autoantibody titers is variable, complicating diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

  • Gastrointestinal dysfunction is a critical and common complication of systemic sclerosis.
  • Management requires a gastroenterologist's awareness of SSc-specific clinical presentations and disease processes.
  • Tailored therapeutic approaches are essential for managing GI manifestations in SSc patients, despite limited SSc-specific evidence.