Guiding Principles for Science-Based Food Classification Systems Focused on Processing and Formulation

Food classification systems that focus on food formulation & processing classification (FF&PC systems) have gained traction in research and dietary policies. Yet, their utility and scientific foundations are debated. To address criticisms and identify paths forward, the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences convened a Working Group comprising government, industry, and academic scientists to conceptualize a project to meet the needs of the scientific community in addressing recurring concerns about FF&PC systems in the literature. Born from this, an independent public sector Writing Team with expertise in food science, nutrition research and methodology, dietary guidance, and sensory science led the development of guiding principles for researchers to consider when developing, refining, and applying FF&PC systems for public health. The principles emphasize the need for transparent documentation; distinguishable versioning; strong, and ideally causal, evidence of a putative effect of specific processing steps and formulation components with health-related endpoints; evolution over time in response to scientific advances and changes to the food supply; and consideration of current scientific consensus, validation contexts, and the probative value of research questions and new FF&PC systems. These principles are intended to provide a shared foundation and standardized approach to guide researchers in this area without endorsing or advocating for the creation or use of FF&PC systems. These aspirational principles can be used to identify future research priorities and areas for investment while also providing guidance on cautionary action in the absence of complete data. Adherence to these principles is also intended to limit the continued expenditure of resources critiquing or defending new FF&PC systems. These principles can serve as a foundation to support impactful research on FF&PC systems and, through this, public health policy.