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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

901
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
901
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

810
Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
810
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

789
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
789
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

670
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
670
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...
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Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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Pulmonary Hypertension.

Lance C Visser1, Lynelle R Johnson2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary hypertension, often secondary to heart or lung issues, presents with cough and exercise intolerance. Syncope is a key sign, prompting echocardiography and potential targeted therapies for better outcomes.

Keywords:
Doppler echocardiographyPhosphodiesterase inhibitionPostcapillaryPrecapillaryPulmonary arterySyncope

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can be primary or secondary to other conditions.
  • Common causes include left-sided heart disease, parasitic lung disease, and respiratory disorders.
  • Clinical signs like cough and tachypnea overlap with other cardiopulmonary diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight syncope as a suggestive sign of PH.
  • To emphasize the role of thoracic radiographs and echocardiography in diagnosing PH.
  • To discuss the investigation of underlying conditions and potential therapeutic options.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs associated with PH.
  • Diagnostic imaging techniques including thoracic radiographs and echocardiography.
  • Consideration of underlying respiratory and cardiac conditions.

Main Results:

  • Syncope is a significant clinical sign suggestive of PH.
  • Radiographic evidence of right heart or pulmonary artery enlargement warrants further PH investigation.
  • Echocardiography is crucial for diagnosing PH.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of PH, particularly secondary causes, is vital.
  • Diagnostic workup should include imaging and investigation of underlying conditions.
  • Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) and oxygen therapy may offer palliative benefits.