Tobacco-free generation policy support among California adolescents and young adults

Tobacco-free generation policies (TFG) are designed to gradually phase out tobacco use by prohibiting sales to individuals born after a fixed date. Few investigations examine TFG support among youth, whose support may be especially relevant.

Primary data from online surveys (N=4847) and focus groups (9 groups; 33 participants) with California (USA) adolescents (aged 12-17) and young adults (aged 18-20) were collected in 2023 and 2024. From surveys, support for a TFG policy was quantified (among nine total policies), regression analysis identified correlates of support, and potential policy outcomes important to participants were described. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse focus group data for policy understanding, support and expectations.

Overall, 32% of survey participants strongly agreed and 33% agreed with a TFG policy. However, the TFG agreement was less than for all other tobacco policies presented, including a sudden end to all tobacco sales. A cleaner environment (56%), less illness and death (49%) and less addiction (48%) were potential TFG policy outcomes important to the most participants. In focus groups, most but not all participants comprehended the concept of a birthdate-based sales phase-out and generally supported it. Themes discovered included TFG policy comprehension, societal benefits, limiting individual freedom and implementation scepticism.

Many California youth supported a TFG policy but to a lesser degree than other tobacco policies. To secure youth policy backing, public communication should address personal liberties and implementation concerns and emphasise youth-resonant policy outcomes, such as environmental benefits.