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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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TMS5-mediated R-loop dynamics regulate thermosensitive fertility conversion in rice.

Ben-Shun Zhu1, Ao-Ao Chen1, Yan-Ming Yang1

  • 1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) in rice is regulated by the tms5 gene. This study reveals that high temperatures cause R-loop accumulation in tms5 mutants, leading to male sterility and pollen defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Molecular biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Hybrid rice is crucial for global food security.
  • The thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) locus tms5 is essential for two-line hybrid rice breeding systems.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms of tms5-mediated TGMS are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of tms5-mediated TGMS.
  • To investigate the cellular and molecular basis of temperature-dependent male sterility in rice.
  • To explore the role of R-loop dynamics in tms5 fertility.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of tms5 mutants and wild-type rice under varying temperatures.
  • Investigation of tapetum function and microspore mother cell development.
  • Analysis of R-loop accumulation and genomic stability.
  • Gene knockout and overexpression studies (TMS5 and OsLS1).

Main Results:

  • High temperatures impair tapetum function and microspore development, causing male sterility in tms5 mutants.
  • Knockout of TMS5 (an RNase enzyme) leads to R-loop accumulation under high temperatures, compromising genomic stability and causing pollen abortion.
  • R-loop levels in tms5 mutants correlate with fertility conversion, decreasing at low temperatures.
  • Overexpression of OsLS1 partially rescues tms5 fertility, supporting the role of R-loop dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • The study clarifies the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tms5-mediated TGMS, linking it to R-loop accumulation under high temperatures.
  • Findings provide a foundation for enhancing two-line hybrid rice breeding strategies.
  • Understanding R-loop dynamics offers new avenues for improving temperature-resilient rice varieties.