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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Ratiometric Biosensors that Measure Mitochondrial Redox State and ATP in Living Yeast Cells
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Redox rhythms promote fitness by modulating ageing-dependent reprogramming.

Xiaoman Wang1, Shen-Shen Cui2, Xun-Kai Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Nature Metabolism
|April 17, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disrupted redox rhythms contribute to ageing. Restoring these rhythms with antioxidants improved metabolism and physical function in aged mice, suggesting potential for healthy ageing interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Gerontology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Ageing is associated with disrupted diurnal rhythms and reduced physiological fitness.
  • The mechanisms behind age-related diurnal reprogramming and its impact on ageing are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of disrupted redox oscillations in organismal ageing.
  • To explore the potential of restoring redox rhythms as an intervention for age-related decline.

Main Methods:

  • Generated diurnal transcriptomes across eight peripheral tissues in aged mice.
  • Applied time-restricted antioxidants and pro-oxidants to restore redox rhythms.
  • Conducted multi-omics analyses to assess hepatic and skeletal muscle rejuvenation.
  • Investigated the role of CLOCK protein redox modification.

Main Results:

  • Disrupted redox oscillations are a common diurnal alteration in ageing.
  • Restoring redox rhythms improved glucose metabolism, motor performance, and liver/skeletal muscle function in aged mice.
  • Restored redox rhythms partially rejuvenated the hepatic transcriptome and chromatin accessibility, involving CLOCK protein redox modification.
  • Perturbing CLOCK protein's redox-sensitive cysteine 195 induced premature ageing phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Redox rhythms play a crucial role in ameliorating functional decline during ageing by modulating hepatic and skeletal muscle reprogramming.
  • Redox rhythm-based interventions show promise for promoting healthy ageing.