Tools and tactics for studying alternative splicing

Alternative splicing generates transcriptomic diversity essential for cellular homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to diseases ranging from rare genetic disorders to cancer. For decades, technical barriers limited the ability to map and interpret alternative splicing but recent developments are now transforming the field. Long-read sequencing provides isoform-resolved views at bulk, single-cell and spatially resolved levels and CRISPR-based assays make it possible to directly test the functional impact of splicing isoforms. Population studies reveal how genetic variation shapes splicing and disease risk, and deep learning models are beginning to decode the splicing language. Collectively, these advances promise not only to illuminate fundamental principles of splicing regulation but also to enable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies tailored to individual splicing profiles.