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Soft robotic devices for cardiovascular medicine.

Xing-Yu Ji1,2,3, Jia-Qi Zhu4, Ke Wu5

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Summary

Soft robotic devices offer superior alternatives to conventional cardiovascular simulators and therapies, addressing limitations like poor biomimicry and invasiveness. This review explores their potential in simulators, instruments, and implants for cardiovascular medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Robotics
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • Conventional cardiovascular simulators and therapeutic devices suffer from poor biomimetic fidelity, invasiveness, and tissue-device interface mismatch.
  • Soft robotic devices, utilizing tissue-like materials and structures, present promising alternatives with enhanced adaptability and biocompatibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the emerging frontiers of soft robotic devices in cardiovascular medicine, addressing unmet clinical needs.
  • To identify and discuss advancements in soft robotic simulators, interventional instruments, and implants.
  • To evaluate the clinical maturity and propose a translational roadmap for soft cardiac devices.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the intersection of clinical demands and technological breakthroughs in soft robotics for cardiovascular applications.
  • Categorization of soft robotic devices into three key areas: simulators, interventional instruments, and implants.
  • Analysis of the unique advantages, scope, technical implementation, and clinical translation potential of soft robotic devices.

Main Results:

  • Soft robotic devices are redefining cardiovascular medicine across three frontiers: simulators (in vitro and in vivo), interventional instruments (percutaneous, endovascular, untethered robots), and implants (for vascular disease, arrhythmia, heart failure).
  • These devices offer improved biomimetic fidelity, reduced invasiveness, and better tissue integration compared to conventional technologies.
  • Significant technological opportunities exist for next-generation soft cardiac devices, with ongoing evaluation of clinical maturity.

Conclusions:

  • Soft robotic devices hold substantial translational potential to address unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular medicine.
  • Further integration of soft robotics is crucial for advancing cardiovascular care through innovative simulators, instruments, and implants.
  • The review provides a roadmap for the development and clinical adoption of soft cardiac devices over the next decade.