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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Cancer Associated Thrombosis Research in Rodent Models
Published on: January 5, 2024
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Thrombosis Across Female-Specific Malignancies: From Chemotherapy-Driven Risk to Prophylaxis and Drug Interactions
Maryam Aghakouchakzadeh1, Hessam Kakavand2,3, Anne J Goldberg4
1Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Pharmacotherapy
|April 18, 2026
Summary
Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major risk for women with gynecologic and breast cancers. Prophylaxis with anticoagulants like LMWHs or DOACs is effective, with reduced-dose apixaban showing promise for extended treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Hematology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) significantly increases morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.
- Female-specific cancers (breast, ovarian, endometrial, cervical) have unique thrombotic profiles influenced by hormonal, anatomical, and treatment factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current evidence on CAT in female-specific malignancies.
- To emphasize chemotherapy- and hormone-related risks, thromboprophylaxis, and anticoagulant selection.
Main Methods:
- Literature review summarizing evidence on CAT in breast, ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers.
- Analysis of risk factors, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted agents.
- Evaluation of prophylactic strategies and pharmacologic considerations for anticoagulants.
Main Results:
- Ovarian cancer has the highest VTE incidence (5-14%).
- Breast cancer CAT risk is elevated with specific therapies (SERMs, CDK4/6 inhibitors).
- Reduced-dose apixaban demonstrated non-inferiority to full-dose for extended anticoagulation in the API-CAT trial.
Conclusions:
- Effective VTE prophylaxis is achievable with LMWHs or DOACs in high-risk patients.
- Individualized anticoagulant selection and monitoring are crucial due to drug-drug interactions.
- A patient-centered, multidisciplinary approach optimizes thrombosis prevention while minimizing bleeding risk.
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