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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Prediction of Moderate to Severe Delayed Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea Using a Novel Algorithm Incorporating Individual

Alisha P Maity1, Stephanie D Kjelstrom2, Kathryn J Fleck2

  • 1Lankenau Medical Center, Alliance Cancer Specialists, Wynnewood, Pennsylvania, USA.

Cancer Medicine
|April 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new blood test measuring glutathione recycling can predict delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea. This allows for personalized antiemetic prophylaxis, improving patient quality of life and treatment adherence.

Keywords:
chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomitingdelayed nauseaoxidative stressplatinum agentsrisk prediction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) poses a significant challenge in cancer care, impacting patient quality of life and treatment adherence.
  • Predicting delayed CINV, particularly after platinum-based chemotherapy, remains difficult, necessitating improved risk stratification methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate a previously developed blood-based assay for predicting delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea in a larger patient cohort.
  • To assess the utility of glutathione recycling capacity as a biomarker for individualized antiemetic prophylaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood samples and patient-reported outcomes from 202 adult cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.
  • Measurement of red blood cell glutathione recycling capacity and comparison with reported delayed nausea severity.
  • Development of a risk score algorithm based on glutathione recycling and other intrinsic factors.

Main Results:

  • Lower glutathione recycling capacity correlated with increased incidence and severity of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea, indicating higher oxidative stress.
  • The generated risk score algorithm demonstrated a good correlation between predicted and observed delayed nausea outcomes.
  • Efficient glutathione recycling appears protective against chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress and subsequent nausea.

Conclusions:

  • A risk score incorporating glutathione recycling capacity can effectively predict the risk of delayed nausea in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • This predictive model enables tailored, aggressive antiemetic prophylaxis to mitigate or prevent delayed nausea symptoms.
  • Individualized risk assessment holds promise for optimizing supportive care in oncology.