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This study explores how reversible chemical reactions affect phase separation in binary fluids. We found that reactions can control domain size and morphology, leading to unique nonequilibrium states.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Chemical kinetics
  • Complex fluids

Background:

  • Phase separation is a fundamental process in materials science.
  • Chemical reactions can significantly alter material properties and self-assembly.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium systems is crucial for designing advanced materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between reversible chemical reactions and phase separation in binary fluids.
  • To characterize the resulting nonequilibrium steady states and domain morphologies.
  • To determine the influence of reaction kinetics on coarsening dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Three-dimensional dissipative particle dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of correlation functions and domain growth laws.
  • Investigation of symmetric and asymmetric reaction rate effects.

Main Results:

  • Reaction-induced mixing and interfacial segregation lead to finite domains.
  • Symmetric rates yield steady domain sizes, while asymmetric rates cause morphological transitions.
  • Hydrodynamic growth (θ≃1 and 2/3) is observed, saturating at R_{s}∼k^{-α} (α≃1/3).

Conclusions:

  • Chemical reactions act as a competing relaxation channel, arresting coarsening.
  • Reaction kinetics regulate phase separation pathways and final morphologies.
  • The system transitions from criticality to arrested coarsening states.