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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Nondisjunction01:21

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Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold...
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During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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In Vitro Fertilization01:24

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
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Oncofertility patterns after the overturn of Roe v. Wade.

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Summary

The Dobbs decision raised concerns for cancer patients seeking fertility preservation. A survey of cancer centers found most maintained services and saw increased utilization, suggesting resilience but highlighting access disparities.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • The 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization decision impacted reproductive healthcare access.
  • Concerns exist regarding fertility preservation access for cancer patients post-Dobbs.
  • Limited real-world data exists on the impact on oncofertility services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in fertility preservation access and utilization.
  • To assess the impact of the Dobbs decision on cancer care patients.
  • To understand the resilience of oncofertility services in academic cancer centers.

Main Methods:

  • National survey of National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) institutions.
  • Data collected over 24 months following the Dobbs decision.
  • Analysis of institutional resources, staffing, and service utilization.

Main Results:

  • 83.3% of responding institutions prioritized reproductive care.
  • 62.5% reported increased fertility preservation utilization.
  • Most institutions maintained or expanded resources and staffing for oncofertility services.

Conclusions:

  • Academic cancer centers demonstrated relative resilience in providing fertility preservation.
  • Institutions in less restrictive states managed increased demand.
  • Further research is needed to ensure equitable access to fertility preservation post-Dobbs, especially in restrictive policy environments.