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Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training

Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training

Published on: February 10, 2022

AI-Enhanced Modular Material Selection for Patient-Specific Diabetic Insoles via Silicone Molding.

Li-Ying Zhang^1,2, Kit-Lun Yick^1,2, Joanne Yip¹

¹School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.

|April 18, 2026

Summary

This study introduces an AI-enhanced method for creating personalized diabetic insoles. The modular design optimizes cushioning materials, significantly reducing plantar pressure and preventing foot ulcers.

Keywords:

AI-enhanced material selection diabetes mellitus diabetic insole diabetic ulcer patient-specific design pressure offloading silicone molding

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Diabetic foot ulcers are caused by high plantar pressure and reduced foot sensation.
Customized insoles that redistribute pressure are crucial for ulcer prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an AI-enhanced modular material selection approach for personalized diabetic insoles.
To create cost-effective insoles that offer customized support and pressure redistribution.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of insoles using cost-effective silicone molding.
AI-driven selection of optimal cushioning materials for forefoot and heel modules.
Laboratory wear trials with 23 diabetic patients comparing the AI-optimized insole (AIO) against barefoot, PORON® (PUR), and cork-EVA (EVA) insoles.

Main Results:

The AIO insole reduced peak plantar pressure by 37.6% compared to barefoot.
Contact area increased by 36.0% across the plantar surface with the AIO insole.
The AIO insole outperformed the EVA insole and matched the PUR insole, showing superior heel offloading.

Conclusions:

The study presents a novel 'modular personalization' paradigm for diabetic insoles.
AI enhances patient-specific material selection for superior pressure redistribution.
This approach offers a scalable, cost-effective solution for preventing diabetic foot ulcers.