Assessing the Spatial Dynamics of Aedes Mosquitoes in Eldorado, Misiones

Understanding the spatial and seasonal distribution of mosquito vectors is essential for improving surveillance and control strategies for arboviral diseases. In this study, we modeled the potential distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Eldorado city, Misiones province, Argentina, using MaxEnt and satellite-derived environmental predictors. Occurrence data collected between 2016 and 2018 were combined with land-cover variables, vegetation and water indices, land surface temperature, and distance-based metrics representing urbanization and environmental features. Models were developed separately for each species and season and evaluated using internal cross-validation. Our results indicate that environmentally suitable conditions for both species are concentrated in urban and suburban areas, with seasonal variation in the extent of suitable habitat. Urban-related predictors consistently contributed to model performance for both species, while vegetation-related variables were particularly relevant for Ae. albopictus. Although model evaluation metrics varied across species and seasons, the outputs consistently identified areas with favorable environmental conditions rather than predicting abundance or epidemiological risk. The models are therefore most reliable within the study period and spatial extent considered. These findings highlight the importance of urban landscape structure in shaping mosquito habitat suitability in subtropical cities. The modeling framework, based on publicly available data and reproducible methods, provides a transferable tool to support vector surveillance and spatial prioritization, while emphasizing the need for complementary entomological data to inform operational control decisions.