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Canine and feline goniometry.

Denis J Marcellin-Little1, David Levine2, Chrisoula Toupadakis Skouritakis1

  • 11Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, Weill School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.

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|April 18, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details goniometry, a method for measuring joint motion in dogs and cats. It provides precise anatomic landmarks for accurate flexion and extension measurements, aiding in diagnosing and monitoring joint conditions.

Keywords:
doggoniometryjoint anglesjoint diseasephysical rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Orthopedics
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Animal Biomechanics

Background:

  • Joint disease is a common concern in dogs and cats.
  • Accurate measurement of joint motion is crucial for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
  • Existing methods may lack objectivity or repeatability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe precise anatomic landmarks for goniometric measurements in canine and feline joints.
  • To demonstrate a standardized method for collecting joint range of motion data.
  • To establish a reliable technique for assessing joint health in companion animals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a hinged plastic goniometer adapted for pet size.
  • Placed dogs and cats in lateral recumbency for measurements.
  • Aligned goniometer arms with specific, palpable anatomic landmarks on the limbs.

Main Results:

  • Goniometry provides objective and repeatable measurements of joint motion.
  • The described method allows for consistent data collection in both forelimbs and hind limbs.
  • Measurements were taken at full flexion and extension for comprehensive joint assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Goniometry is a safe and convenient method for measuring joint flexion and extension in dogs and cats.
  • This technique is valuable for evaluating normal and abnormal joints.
  • The method has been validated in healthy Labrador Retrievers and cats, supporting its clinical relevance.