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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation01:28

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Heterostructure CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4 as a pH-universal and multifunctional catalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution and

Wenjun Qin1, Yong Zhang2, Kai Xiang1

  • 1College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hengyang Normal University, Henghua Road No. 16, Hengyang City 421002, Hunan Province, China.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|April 18, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A novel CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4 heterostructure catalyst on Ni foam shows excellent performance for hydrogen evolution (HER), ethanol oxidation (EOR), and oxygen evolution (OER). This catalyst offers a promising pathway for efficient small-molecule electrolysis.

Keywords:
HeterostructureHydrogen evolution reactionOrganic electrooxidationTransition metal phosphideWater electrolysis

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) is crucial but challenging.
  • Existing catalysts often lack high activity, stability, or economic viability across various pH conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and evaluate a novel heterostructure catalyst, CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4, for enhanced electrocatalytic performance.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects and active species within the heterostructure for key electrochemical reactions.

Main Methods:

  • A two-step hydrothermal reaction followed by phosphorization was used to integrate the CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4 catalyst onto Ni foam.
  • Electrochemical evaluations were performed to assess catalytic activity and stability for HER, EOR, and OER.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and Raman spectroscopy were employed to understand the reaction mechanisms and identify active species.

Main Results:

  • The CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4 catalyst demonstrated superior HER activity across alkaline, neutral, and acidic media with low overpotentials.
  • The catalyst exhibited enhanced EOR activity at a lower potential compared to OER.
  • DFT and Raman spectroscopy suggested high-valence metal species (CoOOH and FeOOH) are the active sites for water dissociation and EOR.

Conclusions:

  • The CoP2-Fe2P//CoWO4 heterostructure catalyst exhibits significant synergistic effects, leading to high efficiency and stability for multiple electrochemical reactions.
  • This work presents a new strategy for designing transition metal phosphide-based heterostructured catalysts for small-molecule electrolysis.