Cemento-ossifying fibroma: A South American multicenter study

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign odontogenic fibro-osseous neoplasm with the proliferation of a cellular fibrous stroma. This study aimed to characterize the clinicodemographic, radiographic, and therapeutic profile of COF in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela.

Eight oral pathology and oral medicine services participated. Clinical, radiographic and treatment-related data were retrieved from patient records. Diagnoses were established according to the 5th edition of the WHO classification of odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumors. Data were analyzed descriptively.

A total of 112 cases were included; 44.6% were from Brazil and 27.7% each from Venezuela and Colombia. Most individuals were female (n=97; 86.6%), with a mean age of 35.6±12.6 years. Posterior mandibular involvement predominated (n=47; 65.3%). Mixed radiographic patterns were most frequent (n=46; 50.0%), and cortical expansion was observed in 52.7% (n=48). Complete surgical removal of the lesion without prior incisional diagnosis and enucleation/curettage were the most common management approaches (n=69; 61.6%). Recurrence occurred in 8.3% of individuals with the available follow-up.

The study offers the first multicenter documentation of COF in South America, corroborating prior literature regarding its predilection for women in the third to fourth decades of life and for posterior mandibular sites. Subtle clinicodemographic variants were noted across the three countries.