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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

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An Improved and High Throughput Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV Micro-neutralization Assay

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Efficacy and immunogenicity of RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccines: - Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hafsah Asjad¹, Muhammad Wahhaab Sadiq¹, Saba Siddiqui¹

¹Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, National Stadium Rd, Karachi, Sindh 74800, Pakistan.

Journal of Infection and Public Health

|April 19, 2026

Summary

The RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccines show promise in reducing malaria risk. Both vaccines are safe and effective, with R21/Matrix-M demonstrating higher efficacy but more adverse events.

Keywords:

Efficacy Immunogenicity Malaria vaccine R21/Matrix-M RTS,S/ASO1

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Public Health

Background:

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge despite ongoing control efforts.
Novel vaccines like RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M offer potential for reducing the parasite reservoir.
Evaluating and comparing these leading malaria vaccines is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and compare the efficacy and immunogenicity of the RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccines.
To assess the protective effects and safety profiles of the two novel malaria vaccines.
To provide an updated comparison of leading malaria vaccine candidates.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases (2000-2024).
Initial screening of 832 records, followed by full-text review of 60 articles.
Eight studies were included in the final systematic review and meta-analysis based on eligibility criteria.

Main Results:

RTS,S/AS01 vaccine demonstrated significant protection in infants (6-12 weeks) with a 23.0% malaria risk reduction (RR 0.77).
Both vaccines showed a 0.61 risk ratio for malaria in the 5-17 month age group, with efficacy waning over time, highlighting the need for boosters.
RTS,S/AS01 vaccines were safe with strong antibody responses; R21/Matrix-M showed high efficacy (low event rate 0.22) and robust antibody response but reported more frequent adverse events.

Conclusions:

Both RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines represent significant advancements in malaria control.
These breakthrough malaria vaccines are instrumental in reducing disease burden and mortality.
The findings support the potential of these vaccines for malaria elimination efforts.