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Ultrasound-Assisted multimodal neuromodulation via nanosystems.

Syed Bilal Nizami1, Nicola Toschi2,3, Allegra Conti2

  • 1Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy. syedbilal.nizami@students.uniroma2.eu.

Journal of Nanobiotechnology
|April 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasound combined with nanosystems offers precise, noninvasive brain modulation for neurological disorders. This approach enables targeted electrical, mechanical, optical, or chemical stimulation, overcoming limitations of current therapies.

Keywords:
Blood brain barrier (BBB) openingDrug deliveryNanoparticlesNeurostimulationPiezoelectricityTherapeutic ultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Neuromodulation offers alternatives to traditional treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
  • Existing methods like deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have limitations in invasiveness and precision.
  • Low-intensity ultrasound presents a noninvasive, deep-penetrating option for brain circuit modulation with high spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the synergistic integration of ultrasound and engineered nanosystems for multimodal neuromodulation.
  • To describe how nanoscale materials can transduce acoustic energy into various biological effects.
  • To highlight the potential of this combined approach for precise neuronal activity control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies on ultrasound-assisted nanosystems for neuromodulation.
  • Description of nanoscale material interactions with ultrasound for bioelectric, mechanical, optical, and chemical modulation.
  • Assessment of applications in optogenetics, drug delivery, and behavioral modulation.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound-transduced nanoscale materials enable precise, on-demand stimulation or inhibition of neuronal activity.
  • Demonstrated neuromodulatory effects in various models, including rodents and primates.
  • Successful applications in optogenetics, drug delivery, and behavioral modulation.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound-assisted nanosystems show potential for precise neuromodulation in deep brain regions.
  • Translational challenges include nanoparticle delivery, biocompatibility, clearance, and safety.
  • Promising strategies involve cell-based delivery, biodegradable materials, and closed-loop systems for clinical translation.