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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

5
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
5
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

7
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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Sex differences in proteomic response to ischemic stroke.

Christopher J McLouth1,2, Hunter S Hazelwood3,4, Jacqueline A Frank5,6

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, 205 Multidisciplinary Science Building, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. cmclouth@uky.edu.

Biology of Sex Differences
|April 19, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sex-specific proteins impact stroke recovery. Higher levels of certain proteins correlate with worse outcomes in women and protective effects in men, influencing disability after ischemic stroke.

Keywords:
BiomarkersIschemic strokeProteomicsSex differencesThrombectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Women experience greater disability post-ischemic stroke than men, with underlying biological mechanisms unclear.
  • Proteomic analysis offers a pathway to identify sex-specific molecular differences influencing stroke recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sex-specific protein expression differences in ischemic stroke patients.
  • To determine associations between protein levels and stroke outcomes, considering sex as a biological variable.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples from 141 ischemic stroke patients were analyzed.
  • 184 inflammatory and cardiometabolic proteins were quantified using Olink panels.
  • Associations between protein expression and discharge outcomes (NIHSS, mRS, MoCA) were evaluated using sex-by-protein interaction models.

Main Results:

  • Systemic TGFBI was higher in men; multiple proteins showed sex-specific associations with outcomes.
  • Proteins like PCOLCE, NT3, FGF5, TNFSF14, TWEAK, ICAM3, CD6, and LAP TGF-β1 demonstrated differential associations by sex for NIHSS and mRS.
  • Higher protein expression was generally linked to worse outcomes in women and protective trends in men for NIHSS and mRS; no sex-specific MoCA associations were found.

Conclusions:

  • Several sex-dependent proteins are linked to post-stroke discharge outcomes.
  • Sex-specific molecular responses may explain disparities in stroke recovery.
  • Incorporating sex as a biological variable in biomarker studies and clinical trials is crucial.