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OptoChaperone─A Biohybrid Tool for Regulating Protein Condensates in Cells and In Vitro.

Do Thanh Tuan1,2, Motonori Matsusaki3,4, Honoka Ota5

  • 1Department of Physiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam.

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|April 20, 2026
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Summary

OptoChaperone uses light to control protein condensates, enabling their dissolution with blue light and formation with UV light. This reversible system precisely manipulates phase separation in cells and offers new tools for disease research.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Protein condensates, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), are crucial for cellular processes and implicated in diseases.
  • Current tools for controlling LLPS lack precision, reversibility, and spatiotemporal control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a light-activatable molecular system, OptoChaperone, for precise and reversible control of protein condensates.
  • To demonstrate OptoChaperone's efficacy in manipulating disease-related protein condensates in vitro and in living cells.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a biohybrid system, OptoChaperone, utilizing photoresponsive switching to modulate chaperone activity.
  • Applied blue light to suppress chaperone activity and induce condensate dissolution; UV light deactivated the system, allowing condensate formation.
  • Tested OptoChaperone on disease-associated proteins like FUS, TDP-43, and HSF1 condensates.

Main Results:

  • OptoChaperone achieved reversible and robust control over protein condensate dynamics using light.
  • The system effectively regulated condensates of FUS, TDP-43, and HSF1 without chemical additives or genetic modification.
  • Demonstrated precise spatiotemporal manipulation of protein condensation in cellular environments.

Conclusions:

  • OptoChaperone provides a powerful, non-invasive tool for dissecting the roles of protein condensation in health and disease.
  • This light-controllable system has broad potential applications in synthetic biology, biomolecular engineering, and therapeutics for aberrant phase separation.