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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction01:23

Protecting Groups for Aldehydes and Ketones: Introduction

9.9K
Protecting groups are compounds that can bind to a specific functional group in the presence of other functional groups to protect them from undesired chemical reactions. These compounds can selectively bind to particular functional groups and advance chemoselective reactions in polyfunctional systems (Figure 1). After the functional group has served its purpose, it is removed by reacting it with specific compounds.
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Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.3K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.3K
Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent01:14

Acid Halides to Ketones: Gilman Reagent

4.5K
Lithium dialkyl cuprate, also known as Gilman reagents, selectively reduces acid halides to ketones. The acid chloride is treated with Gilman reagent at −78 °C in the presence of ether solution to produce a ketone in good yield.
As shown below, the mechanism proceeds in two steps. First, one of the alkyl groups of the reagent acts as a nucleophile and attacks the acyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the reformation of the...
4.5K
Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule02:17

Regioselectivity of Electrophilic Additions to Alkenes: Markovnikov's Rule

19.2K
If a set of reactants can yield multiple constitutional isomers, but one of the isomers is obtained as the major product, the reaction is said to be regioselective. In such reactions, bond formation or breaking is favored at one reaction site over others.
The hydrohalogenation of an unsymmetrical alkene can yield two haloalkane products, depending on which vinylic carbon takes up the halogen. However, one product usually predominates, where hydrogen adds to the vinylic carbon bearing the...
19.2K
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

129
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
129

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Ligand Protection Strategy for Highly Selective and Stable Electrochemical CO2 Methanation.

Wenshan Gao1, Zhijun Zhu1, Qian Gong1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel catalyst for electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) methanation, achieving high methane (CH4) production efficiency and stability. The catalyst design enhances CO2 conversion, supporting carbon neutrality goals.

Keywords:
carbon dioxideelectrocatalysisintermediates regulationligand protectionmethanation

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical CO2 methanation is a key technology for carbon neutrality.
  • Efficient and stable catalysts are essential for high CO2-to-CH4 conversion.
  • Understanding active sites and reaction mechanisms is crucial for catalyst design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a stable and efficient catalyst for electrochemical CO2 methanation.
  • To investigate the role of ligand modification in stabilizing active sites and enhancing catalytic performance.
  • To elucidate the reaction mechanism for highly selective CH4 production.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of La2O3-supported oxygen-containing Cu clusters functionalized with hexanethiol (HT) molecules (HT@O-Cuc/La2O3).
  • Electrochemical characterization to evaluate CH4 Faradaic efficiency (FECH4) and partial current density.
  • Operando mechanistic studies to understand the electronic structure, adsorption, and reaction pathways.

Main Results:

  • The HT@O-Cuc/La2O3 catalyst achieved a high FECH4 of 77.8% at a partial current density of 389.2 mA cm-2.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent operational stability for 250 hours.
  • Thiol ligand modification stabilized low-coordinated Cuδ+ active sites via S-coordination and facilitated electron transfer.

Conclusions:

  • The designed catalyst enables highly selective and stable electrochemical CO2 methanation.
  • Ligand modification optimizes CO adsorption and hydrogenation pathways, promoting CH4 selectivity.
  • An electronic channel effect and La-mediated water activation are key to the enhanced performance.