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Constructing WO3-Iodine Complementary Electrochromic Windows Through NH4+ Electrolyte and Counter Electrode Design
Xiaoqian Tan1, Menghan Li1,2, Haoyang Zhang1
1College of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
Inorganic Chemistry
|April 20, 2026
Summary
This study enhances tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromism durability using a novel ammonium-based electrolyte and an iodine-modified counter electrode. The new WO3-iodine device shows improved optical modulation and extended cycling life.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Tungsten oxide (WO3) electrochromism is limited by poor durability in alkaline electrolytes.
- Improving WO3 film lifetime and electrochromic performance is crucial for practical applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a stable and high-performance WO3 electrochromic device.
- To investigate the use of an ammonium-based electrolyte and an iodine-modified counter electrode.
Main Methods:
- Optimized ammonium ion (NH4+) aqueous electrolyte and acidity for WO3 films.
- Modified counter electrode using P10/ITO composite coating with NH4I additive.
- Leveraged hydrogen-bond intercalation chemistry and reversible I0/I- couple.
Main Results:
- Achieved significant optical modulation amplitude (45.5% at 633 nm).
- Demonstrated excellent cycling durability with 94.4% retention after 200 cycles.
- Introduced complementary electrochromism on the counter electrode via I0/I- conversion.
Conclusions:
- The NH4+ electrolyte and WO3-iodine device offer a promising solution for durable electrochromic applications.
- Optimized electrolyte concentration, acidity, and electrode modification enhance device performance and longevity.
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