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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
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Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart
Published on: August 23, 2018
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Optimized Cardiac Health by Exercise: Cardiomyocytes and Immune Microenvironment
Shuqin Liu1, Meiyu Hu1, Xinpeng Li1
1Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Organ Repair (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Physiology (Bethesda, Md.)
|April 20, 2026
Summary
Regular exercise protects heart health by regulating heart cells and the immune system. Understanding these effects can lead to new treatments for heart disease and prevent exercise-related heart damage.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Immunology
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Exercise is a cost-effective, non-pharmacological method for cardiovascular health.
- Exercise influences cardiomyocytes, non-cardiomyocytes, and immune cells in the heart.
- The cardiac immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in heart function and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on how exercise protects the heart.
- To elucidate the regulation of cardiomyocytes and the cardiac immune microenvironment by exercise.
- To explore exercise-mimetics for heart disease treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of exercise's effects on cardiac cells and immune microenvironment.
- Analysis of immune cell infiltration, plasticity, and activation.
- Investigation of lymphatic vessel roles and lymphangiogenesis.
- Discussion of multi-omics approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Exercise modulates immune cell behavior (infiltration, phenotype, activation) within the heart.
- Lymphatic vessels are involved in immune cell trafficking and are affected by exercise.
- Multi-omics studies reveal exercise-induced cardiac adaptations.
- Excessive exercise carries cardiotoxicity risks.
Conclusions:
- Exercise profoundly impacts cardiac cells and the immune microenvironment.
- Targeting the cardiac immune microenvironment offers therapeutic potential for heart disease.
- Further research can optimize exercise interventions and develop exercise-mimetics.
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