Advances in Cell Membrane Biomimetic Nano-Delivery Systems for Brain Tumor Therapy

Based on the concept of "imitating nature," biomimetic nano-delivery systems (BNDS) for brain tumor therapy are designed to simulate or utilize endogenous biological materials as delivery carriers, such as hybrids of engineered cell membranes and exogenous nanocarriers. These systems not only retain the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials-enabling responses to photothermal stimuli, enzymes, and pH- but also inherit the advantages of their source cells, including physiological barrier-transport capabilities, specific targeting of focal tissues, and immunomodulatory effects. This enables the delivery of small-molecule drugs, nucleic acids, or therapeutic proteins across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) to tumor tissue. This article provides a comprehensive review of the construction, targeting mechanisms, and research progress of cell membrane-based nano-delivery systems derived from erythrocytes, immune cells, tumor cells, stem cells, and platelet membranes, with particular emphasis on their potential applications in brain tumor therapy.