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Effect of Various Solutions on the Color Stability of 3D-Printed Provisional Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Systematic
Mohammed M Gad1, Abdulrahman A Balhaddad2, Essam A Nassar3
1Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
Objective:
To review the effect of different solutions on the color stability of three-dimensional (3D) printed provisional resins fabricated with different printing technologies and parameters.
Materials And Methods:
The search was done to include articles published between January 2010 and August 1, 2025, using the online search engines (PubMed, WoS, Scopus) to answer the question "What is the effect of various solutions on the color stability of 3D-printed provisional fixed dental prosthesis (FDPs)?" All the articles that investigated the effect of different solutions (beverages, acids, and water) on the color of 3D-printed resins designated for provisional prostheses fabrication were included. Types of resin, prosthesis, solutions, and immersion times, as well as the printing parameters, were collected and analyzed.
Results:
Thirteen studies that evaluated the effect of different solutions on the color stability of 3D-printed provisional (FDPs) were included. All studies revealed a low risk of bias. Different specimens' configurations were investigated with several immersion solutions (distilled water, artificial saliva, coffee, tea, wine, citric acid, heptane, juices, and curry) and different time points (range = 1-180 days). All solutions have clinical significance on the color of 3D-printed provisional FDPs and this effect was time dependent. Few studies investigated the effect of printing parameters, including postcuring procedure (PCP), layer thickness (LT), and orientations, and reported an impact on color stability. Some studies found an improvement in color stability when specimens' surface was coated using sealants or glaze materials.
Conclusions:
Immersion solutions and immersion time adversely affect the color of 3D-printed provisional FDPs. Printing technologies, materials, and printing parameters affect the color of 3D-printed provisional FDPs. Surface coating is considered an alternative method to improve the color stability; however, further investigation is required due to few studies included in this review.
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