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Mechanozyme: An Artificial Enzyme With a Mechanophore Framework.

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Summary

Artificial DNAzymes, termed mechanozymes, exhibit force-responsive marginal stability, enhancing their catalytic activity. This discovery opens new avenues for mechanical control in enzyme function across chemistry and biosciences.

Keywords:
DNAzymemarginal stabilitymechanical modulationmechanochemistryultrasonication

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Natural enzymes exhibit conformational flexibility and marginal stability, leading to functional variations.
  • Artificial enzymes, such as DNAzymes, are being developed to mimic or surpass natural enzyme capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate marginal stability in artificial DNAzymes.
  • To explore mechanical modulation of DNAzyme catalytic activity.
  • To establish a new class of enzymes termed 'mechanozymes'.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized G-quadruplex (GQ)-hemin complexes to create artificial DNAzymes.
  • Employed single-molecule fluorescent MT-HILO (Magnetic Tweezers coupled with Highly Inclined and Laminated Optical sheet) to measure activity under force.
  • Applied ultrasonication to a large ensemble of DNAzymes.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that DNAzymes made of GQ-hemin complexes exhibit marginal stability.
  • Observed the highest peroxidase activity in DNAzymes when the GQ mechanophore was destabilized by external force.
  • Showcased enhanced catalytic function in a large ensemble of DNAzymes via ultrasonication, weakening GQ structures.

Conclusions:

  • Established marginal stability in artificial enzymes for the first time.
  • Provided unprecedented mechanical modulation of catalytic activities in DNAzymes.
  • Highlighted the potential of mechanozymes for catalysis in chemistry and biosciences.