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Primary extragonadal germ cell tumours: Real-world data from a high-volume centre
Marc Kidess1, Marcus Hentrich2, Franz Aschl3
1Department of Urology LMU University Hospital of Munich Munich Germany.
BJUI Compass
|April 20, 2026
Summary
Extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs) prognosis varies by location and type. Mediastinal seminomas have a favorable outlook, while non-seminomatous EGCTs, particularly retroperitoneal ones, show poorer survival rates.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs) are rare and share features with testicular GCTs (TGCTs).
- Real-world data is crucial for refining treatment recommendations for EGCTs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of primary extragonadal germ cell tumours.
- To provide evidence for improved treatment strategies for EGCTs.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 34 patients with mediastinal or retroperitoneal EGCTs (2015-2025).
- Assessment of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) using Kaplan-Meier curves.
Main Results:
- Primary retroperitoneal GCTs occurred in 68% and mediastinal in 32% of patients.
- Non-seminomatous EGCTs accounted for 62% of cases; 97% received chemotherapy.
- Relapse occurred in 44.9% of patients post-chemotherapy. Mediastinal seminomas showed 100% 3-year RFS/OS, contrasting with poorer outcomes for non-seminomatous types.
Conclusions:
- Primary mediastinal seminoma has a favorable prognosis.
- Non-seminomatous EGCTs, especially retroperitoneal, exhibit poorer outcomes.
- Retroperitoneal seminomas show promising survival, but retroperitoneal non-seminomas have the lowest OS rates.
