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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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Goiter01:27

Goiter

3
Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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In clinically hyperthyroid cats, is I-131 treatment superior to thyroidectomy in normalising serum T4 level?

Alexander Davies

    Veterinary Evidence
    |April 20, 2026
    PubMed
    Summary

    For hyperthyroid cats, iodine-131 (I-131) treatment shows moderate evidence of superiority over thyroidectomy in normalizing thyroxine (T4) levels. Radioiodine therapy achieved higher long-term remission rates compared to surgical options.

    Keywords:
    FELINEHYPERTHYROIDISMI-131RADIOACTIVE IODINERADIOIODINET4THRYOIDECTOMYTHYROXINE

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in cats.
    • Thyroidectomy and radioiodine (I-131) are primary treatment modalities.
    • Serum thyroxine (T4) levels are key indicators of treatment efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of iodine-131 (I-131) treatment versus unilateral or bilateral thyroidectomy.
    • To evaluate the normalization of serum thyroxine (T4) levels in hyperthyroid cats.

    Main Methods:

    • A critical review of 35 papers was conducted.
    • Included studies were primarily retrospective with some prospective cohort designs.
    • Outcomes focused on serum T4 normalization and long-term remission rates.

    Main Results:

    • Most studies indicated 40-87% of cats achieved normal T4 levels 6 months post-I-131 treatment.
    • Thyroidectomy resulted in long-term remission in 19-47% of cats.
    • Radioiodine therapy achieved 100% long-term remission in one study.

    Conclusions:

    • There is moderate evidence supporting the superiority of I-131 treatment.
    • Iodine-131 therapy appears more effective than thyroidectomy for normalizing T4 and achieving remission.