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The relationship between academic burnout and problematic smartphone use: a three-level meta-analysis.

Xiaohang Wang1, Zainal Bin Madon1, Mohamad Salleh Abdul Ghani1

  • 1Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Academic burnout is moderately linked to problematic smartphone use (PSU). This meta-analysis of 79 studies confirms a positive association, highlighting PSU as a key concern for students.

Keywords:
academic burnoutmoderating effectmultilevel meta-analysisproblematic smartphone usestudent mental health

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Educational Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Inconsistent findings exist regarding the link between academic burnout and problematic smartphone use (PSU).
  • Growing concern over the impact of digital habits on student well-being necessitates a clearer understanding of this relationship.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically examine the association between academic burnout and PSU.
  • To identify potential moderating factors influencing this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases following PRISMA guidelines.
  • A three-level meta-analytic approach was used, synthesizing data from 79 studies (115 effect sizes, 68,162 participants).

Main Results:

  • A moderate positive correlation (r = 0.438) was found between academic burnout and PSU.
  • Moderator analyses indicated that the year of data collection and the type of PSU measurement instruments significantly influenced the observed relationship.

Conclusions:

  • This meta-analysis provides robust evidence for a significant association between academic burnout and PSU.
  • Findings can inform the development of targeted prevention and intervention strategies for problematic smartphone use among students.