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Workforce Safety Vulnerabilities in Pakistan's Construction Sector.
Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Uzair Yousuf2
1Department of Economics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
Annals of Global Health
|April 20, 2026
Summary
Construction workers in Pakistan face high occupational safety and health risks. Younger, rural, and less-educated workers are most vulnerable due to unsafe practices and conditions, requiring targeted interventions.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Health and Safety
- Construction Industry
- Public Health Policy
Background:
- The construction sector is vital for Pakistan's infrastructure development.
- Workers face significant occupational safety and health (OSH) risks, leading to high injury rates.
- These vulnerabilities impact worker well-being and hinder sustainable development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate OSH vulnerabilities among construction workers in Pakistan.
- To identify sociodemographic factors contributing to occupational injuries.
- To analyze injury trends and contributing factors over time.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of Labour Force Survey (LFS) data from 2001-02 to 2017-18.
- Utilized the index value trend method for injury analysis.
- Examined injuries by age, province, education, occupation, unsafe acts, unsafe conditions, and treatment.
Main Results:
- Higher injury risks observed in younger, rural, low-skilled, and less-educated workers.
- Unsafe practices (e.g., neglecting protective equipment) and hazardous site conditions are primary injury causes.
- Persistent vulnerabilities noted across provinces and occupations, despite minor improvements.
Conclusions:
- Targeted OSH interventions are crucial, including safety training and mandatory compliance.
- Formalization of informal labor is recommended to improve worker protection.
- Integrating OSH with social protection programs can enhance workforce health and safety.
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