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Dietary Diversity Score Associated With a Reduced Risk of Breast Cancer: A Large Population-Based Incident
Ibrahim Abdollahpour1, Parvane Saneei2, Zahra Moradmand2
1Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Current Developments in Nutrition
|April 20, 2026
Summary
A varied diet, measured by a dietary diversity score (DDS), is linked to lower breast cancer (BC) risk. Higher DDS indicates better nutritional quality and a protective effect against BC.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Nutritional Science
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Breast cancer (BC) is a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.
- Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized for their potential role in BC development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between dietary diversity and the risk of developing breast cancer.
- To quantify the protective effect of a balanced diet on BC incidence.
Main Methods:
- A population-based case-control study involving 600 BC cases and 600 controls.
- Dietary data collected using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire.
- A dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated based on 5 food groups, with logistic regression used to analyze BC risk.
Main Results:
- A higher dietary diversity score (DDS) was significantly associated with reduced odds of breast cancer.
- An inverse relationship was observed: as DDS increased, BC odds decreased (OR=0.90 continuous; OR=0.41 for DDS >6).
- A significant dose-response trend confirmed the protective effect of dietary diversity on BC risk.
Conclusions:
- Dietary diversity, reflected by DDS, is a novel protective factor against breast cancer.
- Findings support the implementation of public health initiatives promoting balanced diets to mitigate BC.
- Encouraging diverse dietary patterns may help reduce the global burden of breast cancer.
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