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Updated: Apr 21, 2026
Accelerated Type 1 Diabetes Induction in Mice by Adoptive Transfer of Diabetogenic CD4+ T Cells
Published on: May 6, 2013
Immune cells mediate the association between type 1 diabetes and immune thrombocytopenia: an observational and
Wuxia Yang1, Huiying Kang2, Yang Liu2
1Tianjin Medical University, 300052 Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
Aim:
This study aimed to explore the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and to identify the mediating role of immune cells.
Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2023 to evaluate the association between DM and ITP. Multivariable regression was performed to estimate this relationship, and propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to control for confounding and assess the robustness of the findings. To infer causality, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was employed as the primary analysis method in MR analysis. Additionally, we explored the potential mediating role of 731 immune cell traits in the relationship between T1DM and ITP. Finally, multiple sensitivity analyses were utilized to assess the robustness of the results.
Results:
Observational analysis revealed a significant association between DM and ITP (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.41). MR analysis further supported a causal effect of genetically predicted T1DM on ITP risk (OR = 1.073, 95% CI: 1.021 to 1.128). Mediation analysis identified that IgD expression on unswitched memory B cells and CD4 levels on terminally differentiated CD4+T cells play a mediating role in the causal effect of T1DM on ITP, accounting for 3.6% (95% CI: 1.4% to 5.9%) and 5.7% (95% CI: 1.8% to 21.4%) of the total effect, respectively. Sensitivity analyses yielded no evidence of significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy, confirming the robustness of the primary causal inference..
Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that T1DM elevates the risk of developing ITP, which may inform future clinical strategies to include regular hematological monitoring for early detection and management in this patient population..
Supplementary Information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-026-01860-4.
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