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Network and receptor architectures shape brain morphometry in addiction.

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    Substance use disorders (SUD) impact brain structure across multiple regions, overlapping with network hubs and disease centers. These brain alterations are linked to neurochemical systems, suggesting network organization is key to addiction.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Neuroimaging
    • Psychiatry

    Background:

    • Substance use disorders (SUD) are chronic conditions significantly affecting brain health, cognitive function, and survival.
    • Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of SUD is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare brain morphometry in individuals with SUD versus controls.
    • To investigate the overlap of SUD-related brain differences with brain connectivity and neurotransmitter systems.
    • To explore shared neurobiological pathways between SUD and other psychiatric disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Compared brain morphometry in 2,782 individuals with SUD and 1,951 controls using neuroimaging techniques.
    • Assessed topographic overlap of morphometric differences with cortical hubs, connectivity, and receptor architecture.
    • Conducted transdiagnostic comparisons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and multivariate mapping of neurotransmitter systems.

    Main Results:

    • Identified a consistent morphometric signature across SUD involving frontal, parietal, temporal, and limbic systems, overlapping with cortical hubs.
    • Found significant spatial overlap of SUD brain alterations with those in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, indicating shared network constraints.
    • Demonstrated that SUD brain differences align with cannabinoid-opioid and dopaminergic neurotransmitter axes.

    Conclusions:

    • Addiction-related brain differences are significantly shaped by the brain's connectome and neurotransmitter architecture.
    • Brain network organization and neurochemical systems are fundamental principles underlying SUD-related brain alterations.
    • Shared network-constrained differences suggest common neurobiological pathways for SUD, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.