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Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans
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Exercise Volume and Coronary Artery Calcification: A Systematic Review.

Chase J Ellingson1,2, Jyotpal Singh2, M Abdullah Shafiq1,2

  • 1College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan Regina Campus, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.

CJC Open
|April 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-volume exercise may increase coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores, but this finding doesn't correlate with higher cardiovascular event rates. This suggests CAC scores may not fully represent the health benefits of intense exercise.

Keywords:
atherosclerosiscoronary artery calcificationcoronary artery diseaseendurance trainingexercise volumemasters athletephysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Regular exercise reduces cardiovascular (CV) mortality.
  • High-volume endurance exercise may paradoxically increase coronary artery calcification (CAC).
  • Conflicting evidence necessitates investigation into exercise volume and CAC scores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the relationship between exercise volume and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores.
  • To analyze how different exercise volumes impact CAC in various populations.
  • To clarify the clinical significance of CAC in high-volume exercisers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library (1990-2025).
  • Inclusion of studies reporting exercise volume (min/week) and CAC scores.
  • Stratification of exercise volume into low, moderate, moderate-high, and high categories.
  • Quality assessment using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS) scale.

Main Results:

  • 33 studies met inclusion criteria; 15 showed higher CAC in high-volume groups.
  • 9 of 12 comparative studies (>450 min/wk) found higher CAC in high-volume exercisers.
  • Most studies (9) reported no or inverse association between exercise volume and mortality/CV events.
  • 4 of 5 studies on plaque composition found more benign calcified plaque in high-volume exercisers.

Conclusions:

  • High-volume exercisers may present with elevated CAC scores compared to less-active individuals.
  • Despite higher CAC scores, high-volume exercisers exhibit lower mortality and CV event rates.
  • The clinical significance of elevated CAC in high-volume exercisers is questionable, potentially due to plaque composition.